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Publications Calendar Research Teaching Zoom LDS

Python Conditionals

• Keywords
  • if
  • elif
  • else
• Conditionals
  • ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=, and, or, not
  • Keywords: True and False

Examples

x = 55

if x < 10:                  # note the ":"
    print("x < 10")
    
# do more code here

if x < 3 :
    print("x < 3")
else :                      # note the "else"
    print("x >= 3")

x >= 3

if x < 3 :
    print("x < 3")
elif x < 4 :                # note the "elif"
    print("x < 4")

x = 1
if x < 3:
    print("stuff")
if x < 5:
    print("stuff")

stuff
stuff

if x < 3 :
    print("x < 3")
elif x < 4 :                
    print("x < 4")
else:                       # else to cap it off 
    print("x >= 4")

x < 3

if x < 3 :                                        
    print("x<3")
elif x < 5 :               # multiple elif
    print("x<5")
elif x > 5 :
    print("x>5")
else :
    print("something else")

x<3

x = 5.5

if (x > 3 and x < 6) or x <= 1 :
    
    print("made it")
    print("Doing some more stuff in here")
    
    print("Can have multiple lines. ")
    print("Blank lines don't matter.")        # note the use of the single and double quotes
    print("Indent all lines inside the block at the same level")

made it
Doing some more stuff in here
Can have multiple lines. 
Blank lines don't matter.
Indent all lines inside the block at the same level

Can use variables or expressions in if statements

Tmin = 298.15
T    = 500

if T < Tmin :
    print("Warning, T<Tmin")
    
if T > Tmin*10 :
    print("Warning, T>10*Tmin")
    
if Tmin <= T and T <= 10*Tmin:
    print("All is well with T, nice work.")
    

All is well with T, nice work.

Scope: variables declared outside the if statement can be seen inside.

Tmin = 298.15
T    = 500

if T> Tmin:
    print("T =", T)

T = 500

Here is a condensed if statement:

T = 298.15 if x<5.0 else 500.0              # single line if statement

print("x=", x, ", T=", T)# note: sep='' changes the separation character

x= 5.5 , T= 500.0

Example

Take the the square root, and make the argument positive if its negative:

x = -9
print(x**0.5)

y = (x if x>=0 else -x)**0.5
print("y = ", y)

(1.8369701987210297e-16+3j)
y =  3.0

print(x)
torf = x>5.5
if torf:
    print("stuff")
print(torf)

-9
False

type(torf)

bool

type(x)

int

a = 3.3
type(a)

float

def sqrt(x):
    if x >= 0:
        print(x**0.5)
        return True
    else:
        return False
    
    

x = 55

if x==0:
    a/(x+1E-16)
else:
    a/x

x = 5.
type(x)

float

x = True
type(x)

bool